ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction:: Most adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) will eventually relapse from their disease. The combination of 7-day cytarabine and an anthracycline on days 1-3 (the so called "7 + 3" regimen) can be considered standard of care of younger patients with AML. However, the treatment of the elderly ineligible for intensive chemotherapy remains a challenge. Low-dose of subcutaneous cytarabine or hypomethylating agents (HMA) have been studied this group. There are no studies investigating physician practice variation in treating AML in Brazil. Methods:: We developed a survey with ten questions in order to explore the approach to AML in Brazil. Results:: The sample size comprised 100 hematologists. Most reported regular (63%) or occasional (29%) treatment of AML patients. Karyotype analysis and polymerase chain reaction were available in 88% and 71% of institutions, respectively. Next generation sequencing analysis was used in 7% of instituitions. Younger patients receive the "7 + 3" protocol with continuous infusion of cytarabine and anthracycline in 98% of cases. The preferred anthracycline is daunorubicin (64%), followed by idarubicin (34%). The most prescribed daunorubicin dose was 60 mg/m2 (56%). Consolidation after CR with high cytarabine doses (HIDAC) was indicated by 84% of hematologists and 70% use 3 g/m2 twice a day for 3 days. Elderly and unfit patients received HMA (47%) as the preferred treatment. Conclusion:: We showed that the most prevalent AML treatments were according to current guidelines. There is room to improve on the availability of diagnostic tools and the capacity to perform bone marrow transplantation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brazil , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Idarubicin/therapeutic use , Daunorubicin/therapeutic use , Anthracyclines/therapeutic use , Cytarabine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Invasive mold disease is an important complication of patients with hematologic malignancies, and is associated with high mortality. A diagnostic-driven approach has been an alternative to the classical empiric antifungal therapy. In the present study we tested an algorithm that incorporated risk stratification using the D-index, serial serum galactomannan and computed tomographic-scan to guide the decision to start antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients. Patients and methods Between May 2010 and August 2012, patients with acute leukemia in induction remission were prospectively monitored from day 1 of chemotherapy until discharge or death with the D-index and galactomannan. Patients were stratified in low, intermediate and high risk according to the D-index and an extensive workup for invasive mold disease was performed in case of positive galactomannan (≥0.5), persistent fever, or the appearance of clinical manifestations suggestive of invasive mold disease. Results Among 29 patients, 6 (21%), 11 (38%), and 12 (41%) were classified as high, intermediate, and low risk, respectively. Workup for invasive mold disease was undertaken in 67%, 73% and 58% (p = 0.77) of patients in each risk category, respectively, and antifungal therapy was given to 67%, 54.5%, and 17% (p = 0.07). Proven or probable invasive mold disease was diagnosed in 67%, 45.5%, and in none (p = 0.007) of high, intermediate, and low risk patients, respectively. All patients survived. Conclusion A risk stratification using D-index was a useful instrument to be incorporated in invasive mold disease diagnostic approach, resulting in a more comprehensive antifungal treatment strategy, and to guide an earlier start of treatment in afebrile patients under very high risk.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Aspergillosis/drug therapy , Algorithms , Fusariosis/drug therapy , Mannans/blood , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Neutropenia/immunology , Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Aspergillosis/immunology , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/microbiology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Risk Assessment , Fusariosis/diagnosis , Fusariosis/immunology , Mannans/immunology , Neutropenia/microbiologyABSTRACT
Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV, Totiviridae) infect Leishmania cells and subvert mice immune response, probably promoting parasite persistence, suggesting significant roles for LRV in host-parasite interaction. Here we describe a new LRV1-4 purification protocol, enabling capsid visualization by negatively stained electron microscopy representing a significant contribution to future LRV investigations.
Subject(s)
Leishmaniavirus/isolation & purification , Virion/isolation & purification , Virology/methods , Leishmaniavirus/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Staining and Labeling/methods , Virion/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary illness of high prevalence in black population, and involved patients frequently have multiple hospitalizations. Our objective was to describe and to analyze the clinical course of hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease. Cross-sectional study of 78 patients submitted to 230 hospital admissions due to acute complications of sickle cell disease, from 2000 to 2004 in a public teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro city, RJ, Brazil. Outcomes variables were length of hospital stay and death. Main covariables were age, gender, chronic renal failure, causes of hospitalization and use of medicines. Proportions were compared using the chi-square or the Fischer test, and for the continuous variables, Mann-Whitney test was used. The median age in years was 20.3 (15-53) and the most frequent clinical event was acute painful episode (73.5 percent). Mean length of stay was significantly higher in admissions caused by different reasons than acute painful episode (p < 0.001), in those with chronic renal failure (p = 0.006) or with bacterial infection (p = 0.002). The number of deaths was higher in admissions with bacterial infection (p = 0.049) or chronic renal failure (p = 0.014). Gram-negative bacteria isolated from febrile patients included Pseudomonas sp and Acinetobacter sp. This study allowed a larger knowledge concerning morbidity and mortality among adolescent and adult patients hospitalized with sickle cell disease. As few studies with data from hospital admissions are avaiable, the findings can be useful in public health area, especially on healthcare planning to the population with sickle cell disease.
A doença falciforme é uma doença hereditária, de alta prevalência na população negra, que leva a múltiplas internações hospitalares. Nosso objetivo foi descrever e analisar o curso clínico de pacientes com doença falciforme hospitalizados.Realizou-se estudo transversal de 78 pacientes submetidos a 230 internações hospitalares devido a complicações agudas da doença falciforme, de 2000 a 2004, em um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil. Os desfechos estudados foram tempo de permanência hospitalar e óbito. As principais co-variáveis foram idade, sexo, presença de insuficiência renal crônica, causas de hospitalização e uso de medicamentos. Proporções foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado ou teste de Fischer, e, para as variáveis contínuas, o teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado. A mediana da idade foi 20,3 anos (15-23) e o evento clínico mais freqüente foi o episódio doloroso agudo (73,5 por cento). O tempo médio de permanência hospitalar foi maior nas internações por causas distintas do episódio doloroso agudo (p<0,001), e naquelas com o diagnóstico de insuficiência renal crônica (p=0,006) ou infecção bacteriana (p=0,002). O número de óbitos foi maior nas internações com o diagnóstico de infecção bacteriana (p=0,049) ou insuficiência renal crônica (p=0,014). Os germes gram-negativos isolados nos pacientes com febre incluíram Pseudomonas sp e Acinetobacter sp. O presente estudo permitiu um maior conhecimento acerca da morbi-mortalidade entre adolescentes e adultos hospitalizados com doença falciforme. Como poucos estudos sobre internações hospitalares estão disponíveis, os achados podem ser úteis no campo da saúde pública, em especial na área de planejamento de saúde da população de pacientes com doença falciforme.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , HospitalizationABSTRACT
O vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) tem sido implicado na fisiopatogenia da doença de Hodgkin (DH) e a associação deste vírus com a DH está relacionada com as condições socioeconômicas da população estudada, com a idade e com o subtipo histológico celularidade mista (CM). A prevalência do EBV na DH é muito variável. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência do EBV na DH em uma população brasileira. Foram estudados 64 casos de DH oriundos do Hospital Universitário utilizando-se o método de imunoistoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal contra a proteína latente da membrana (LMP1). O vírus foi encontrado em 35 dos 64 casos estudados (55 por cento) e sua presença correlacionou-se de maneira significativa com o subtipo histológico CM (OR = 9; IC 95 por cento = 1,66 - 66; p = 0,0015). Estes resultados confirmam que o EBV está relacionado com a DH em uma população brasileira.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Brazil , Hodgkin Disease/epidemiology , Hodgkin Disease/virology , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Immunohistochemistry , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , RNA, ViralABSTRACT
Este trabalho apresenta uma interface gráfica com o usuário para Windows 95 a ser utilizada num sistema de tomografia por ressonância magnética (RM) desenvolvido em nosso laboratório. Esta interface permite facilidade de operação do sistema e se adapta a diferentes tipos de usuários.
Subject(s)
Computer Graphics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , User-Computer Interface , Brazil , Interviews as Topic/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Este trabalho descreve uma ferramenta web para visualização, via Internet, de imagens de tomografia por ressonância magnética.